Biography on Augustus Emperor Of Rome

Some of you might know me by my birth name, Gaius Octavius Thurinus, or Augustus meaning â€Å"the revered one† the title I have earned and have been granted by the senate of Rome. I’m the first emperor of Rome, and of course many of you might also recognize me as the nephew of my great uncle Julius Caesar. I’ve been ruling Rome from 27 BC – 14AD. It almost feels as I have been supporting Rome since 63 BC the year I was born. Due to the fact that my father Gaius Octavius governor of Macedonia on 61 B.C died as I was growing up, at the age of four, because I had only my mother Atia Balba Caesonia. I was adopted and raised very closely by my uncle Gaius Julius Caesar or as many of you know him as the â€Å"Great Julius Caesar† who I admirably look up to and thanks to him I have learned and followed the Roman ruling system very well. I have followed Caesar throughout many battles and have succeeded many times. Because of many events I have been in I have been given many names such as Octavius following events from 63 – 44BC, Octavian following events from 44 – 27 BC, and finally Augustus following events after 27 BC. I have fought in about 222 battles and have won about 199 of them. My uncle has taught me very well considering he is a man of no pity known as the slayer of men’s. During my time in Spain around 45BC with the Great Caesar I have in honor fought in the battle of Munda, where I honorably shared and cherished one of my last battles with my uncle Julius Caesar. I do recognize that I’m what I am today because of the great dedication and enormous support I have received from him. My reign as emperor just started after meeting my uncle Julius Caesar who had asked me to be part of his military group. I was to meet with him in the northern part of Spain, but to my regret of sailing out in a bad winter month I got stuck behind with my shipped wrecked and worst of all stuck in enemy land of the Barbarians. Although many of my followers admired my bravery it wasn’t too smart to sail out in weather like that especially when I knew my ship could have suffered the consequence of being scraped down by rocks. After my training with Caesar we were to return to Rome and make my successful training a big part of Uncle Caesar’s army and also to have some time off to rest considering my uncle was suffering from illnesses such as epilepsy and dizziness. It was now the month of March in 44 BC and my uncle is expected to die any day. Although I knew I should stay with him I had to return to Illyricum to prepare for the Parthian campaign my uncle was running and had been planning for a long time. To my surprise my uncle was murdered on March 15, 44 B.C portrayed and assassinated by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longins, and many others who were against Julius Caesar. I was so frustrated, so mad and felt the urge to take revenge, but I knew I was also in danger of being next so I had to handle this in a very calm manner. I knew I had the potential to get back at them with no problem from all the experience and all the tactics I had learned throughout all my years of training with the one and only â€Å"Julius Caesar†. The assassination of my uncle changed my characters and my perception especially towards the people I had entrusted to protect me as well as all those I was attached to. It did not come to me as a surprise to find out that my uncle Caesar had named me as the rightful heir of the Roman Empire. This is because of the cordial relationship between my uncle and I when he was alive. Also, my uncle Caesar had not only trusted me in many matters but also had instilled in me various vital leadership skills (Baker 67). I could only honor his actions of delegating me as the emperor by popularizing his name, since he was dead already. I therefore decided to change my name to his; I changed my name to Julius Caesar Octavianus. With the murder of my uncle, I knew that Rome was a dangerous place. I knew that I had to be strong in my ruling. Therefore, it was crucial that I adopted various strategies that would help me rule with an iron fist. One of the strategies that I adopted was to make alliances with strong willed and experienced individuals in my empire. I hence formed an uneasy alliance with some of Julius Caesar’s soldiers in 44 B.C, Mark Anthony and the general Marcus Lepidus were the individuals that I deemed appropriate and worthy of forming an alliance with. The alliance was later referred to as the Second Triumvirate. We spent some good times with my fellow soldiers. The good times were comprised of activities of successfully conquering our common enemies. However, the alliance was not long lived. The problem arose when Marcus Lepidus and I realized that Mark Anthony was having a not only romantic but also political affair and alliance with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. This relationship was clearly a lethal one in relation to our own alliance and just as we had expected it marked the end of the alliance. We therefore turned against Anthony and dissolved our coalition and alliance. Antony and Cleopatra combined forces and waged war on me. However, I was able to successfully defeat their combined forces in the naval battle of Actium in 31 BC. The positive consequence of this action is that I was clearly labeled as the absolute power in Rome. It is in the 27 BC that I decided to further add and change my names. After all, I was the absolute Roman Senate ever to live. I added the name and title Augustus. This name means majestic or divine. These were attributes I believed that I possessed not only then, but also right now as I write. One summer, I was able to leave Rome for a tour to Gaul and Spain. This journey helped to keep me away from Rome until 24 BC. This trip was as a result of careful thinking I had previously done regarding my positions and responsibilities in the Roman Empire. Therefore, I deemed this choice of action as wise and thoughtful of me. I still don’t regret anything today. It was crucial that I leave the public eye for some time while the new political settlements in Rome took effect and root. Agrippa and Maecenas, my close and trusted aides were responsible for supervising the overall political and administrative matter in Rome while I was away. The summer after I returned to Rome, the â€Å"Second Constitutional Settlement† was staged. Consequently, at around this time, a clear conspiracy was able to be unearthed. The two individuals involved, that is, Fannius Caepio and Varro Murena were brought to justice. The desirable and consequently ultimate punishment of execution was given to the two principals. While the main settlements of 23 and 27 B.C. rooted the basis of Augustus’s position, further refinements were necessary. Just as the settlement of 27 B.C., I decided to leave Rome for the East. This was in 22 BC (Everitt 137). Before I left, I was forced to refuse various offers of the perpetual consulship or dictatorship pressed on to me by the individuals, who appeared to have wholly missed the subtleties of the Second Settlement the year before. Over the coming years, I was able to receive, piecemeal, some considerable number of privileges and honors. In the previous year of 23 BC I was given the right to convene the senate whenever I deemed fit (ius primae relationis). In 22 BC, I was appointed to oversee the supply of grain in Rome. In 19 BC, I returned to Rome again from the East. Upon my return, I was further accorded censorial powers for a period of five years (Fagan 32). Further, when Lepidus finally died, in 12 BC, I became the chief priest (pntifex maximus). Further, in 2 BC, I was given the title of â€Å"Father of my Country† (Pater Patriae). This is the title that made me immensely proud of my achievements till then (Eck 24). This title placed me in a cordial relationship with the Roman state analogous to that of a paterfamilias over my overall charges. I was therefore supposed to be in complete control over everything in Rome. Further, there was my membership of all the colleges of priests, many symbolic privileges, and the matter of auctoritas. The intricate edifice deeply entrenched in me was at heart, a sham. I could term it as a successful sham as the larger majority of citizens were able to believe in it and me. Further, the fact that there was a political genius in me was not questionable. The slow and careful acquisition of overarching power and authority in almost all the areas of public life were activities aided by the fact that I was a political genius. At all the steps of the way, from the oath of 32 BC and the constitutional settlements through the honors and privileges conferred upon me piecemeal, I could present myself as the passive partner. It is interesting to note that at all times; it is the people of Rome and the senate that showered me with more power voluntarily. Unlike my uncle Caesar, I sought nothing for myself. Indeed, I often showed reluctance to accepting some of the powers, offices and honors accorded to me. My life as the most favored emperor of Rome was clearly satisfying. I knew that succession problems were due to come since most of the powers I had were as a result of the senate’s and the citizens’ decisions. I had a particular feeling that if one of my family members was not able to succeed me in the empire, I could die and leave Rome infested with civil war. In any case, I am proud that I lived a full life; one full of activities and sacrifices for my country that saw me climb the ladder of power with ease. I do hope that the future generations will be able to read my autobiography and that my name will be recognized through successive generations.

Healthcare Past Essay - 927 Words

Healthcare: Past, Present and Future Nervahna Crew MUSTAFA ABDELWAHID Policy, Politics and Ethics In January 22, 2012 Pick two similar federal policies that were discussed over a span of two different administrations. For example, President Clinton’s and Obama’s health care policies or President’s George H.W. Bush’s and George W. Bush’s foreign policy. Discuss the historical perspective of the time when each policy was discussed or implemented. What was the context or the problem of the day and the urgency for the policy? Analyze the social, economic, and political environments for the times the policies were discussed or implemented. Criticize each policy for its effectiveness of the time. Use four to five credible and reputable†¦show more content†¦President Bush had this idea of imposing a tax break for those that were buying health care coverage would be able to itemize this as a deduction for taxes. The bottom line is that you could find yourself receiving a credit or paying an additional sum for the insurance coverage you have. It always comes down to money with Bush when more often than not, those that can afford to take a high deductible plan and pay the out of pocket expenses would get that money back if this would have passed. This wouldn’t have benefits all families with the economy being what it was during his administration. Obama’s hands-off style may be his way of avoiding what befell the Clintons during the 1990s. Most of us recall the secrecy that Hillary Clinton insisted on, behavior that upset her allies on Capitol Hill and fueled her critics with enough fodder to kill reform quickly. On the other hand, Shields also noted that Obama may have â€Å"overlearned† that lesson and is giving too much away by outsourcing reform. Health Reform and Obama’s Leadership the healthcare blog By Rahul Parikh. This year, eliminates all lifetime limits on how much insurance companies cover if beneficiaries get sick and bans insurance companies from dropping people from coverage when they get sick. The Act would also restrict the use of annual limits in all new plans and existing employer plans thisShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Healthcare On The Past 100years924 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society healthcare is very important. Being able to have access to healthcare can lead to the quality of a healthy life. If there is no access to healthcare in someone’s life it can lead death. There has been many technological changes in healthcare over the past 100years. There has been a major improvement in how healthcare is handled today. A few differences include the quality of care, education, equipment, medical expenses, government insurance, and patient care. There has been a drasticRead MoreThe Past Is Our Definition1519 Words   |  7 PagesAn American novelist Wendell Berry once said that â€Å"the past is our definition.† But does the past truly hold enough strength to impact one’s life? Is it merely a faded thought? Or does it provide an insight into one’s being? Quite often the past is simply referred to as a certain amount of elapsed time. However, it is more than just a quantifying term. The past is the memoir of one’s existence. It is the recollection of memories. The past is the keeper of our dreams, our struggles and our fearsRead MoreAdvanced Healthcare Treatment Over The Past 20 Years1628 Words   |  7 Pages Advanced healthcare treatment over the past 20 years This study is about the administration of treatment using advanced methods made available over the past 20 years. 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While a great deal of progress has been made in recognizing most medical errors, it is also important to note that in a healthcare environment there are a number of factors involved, thereforeRead MoreHealth Care For The Veterans Healthcare Administration ( Vha )1640 Words   |  7 PagesOverview In the past few years there has been increasing discussion about how to provide adequate care for the increasing number of veterasn who are eligible for care through the Veterans’ healthcare administration (VHA). There are concerns is that the VHA is not providing the level of access, efficiency, and quality of care that veterans expect. Lee Begley, (2016) suggest access to care for the veteran population may be resulting in poor health outcomes. In response to these concerns

Sexuality of Elderly - 1932 Words

Introduction on Sexuality of elderly sexuality Human sexuality means the ways in which people experience and express themselves as sexual beings (Rathus et al., 2010).Sex is part of human life, it is a common sense that people normally concern sex since adolescence, but there is no absolute answer for, when sex should be terminated in human life. During the Cho Yiu Chuen’s elderly interview, I saw an adult magazine on an old man’s bed; it triggered me to concern about the sexual need of elderly. Literature review The University of Chicago (Lindauet al., 2007) conducted a study on 3005 people who aged from 57 to 85. It showed that 75% of the men and 50% of the women age from 75 to 85 consider sex as an important part of life; nearly 75%†¦show more content†¦Primary Intervention Holding talks and distributing leaflets in nursing home, old age home, clinic and hospital can be two of the approaches to reach the aim which spreads the messages and knowledge of elderly sexual health. Besides elderly, their family members, caregivers and health care professionals should also be included as the main target audience. Those people are closely related to and living with the elderly so they have more chance to educate the elderly in private as sexual issues are quite personal. (Tones and Tilford, 2001) The social perception can be changed through health education on public (Kiger, 2004) by admitting the facts that elderly sex is legal; they need sex; they have the ability of having sex; and sex would be good for their health. The public is expected to give more respect to the privacy of elderly and accept elderly sexuality after the messages have been widely spread. Other than altering the social perception, more education on normal aging of sexual function should also be given to elderly in order to enrich their sexual knowledge. This helps them to identify sexual abnormality and promote early treatment. 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Sexuality and physical intimacy in long-term care. Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 28(1), 42-50. doi:10.3109/07380577.2013.865858. Sexuality and intimacy in older age is a subject that is still in need of further study. The object of this article is to examine the sometimes sensitive subject of sexuality and intimacy in older adults, especially those living in long term facilities. The intention of the research is to offer a look into how sexuality and intimacy plays aRead MoreDefinition Of Human Sexuality Within Our Group969 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of. During the morning activity of defining human sexuality within our group, I learned that everyone’s definition of human sexuality is different. I define human sexuality as defining who you are sexually, your gender, and who you are a ttracted to. Some of my classmates defined it as your sexual orientation, the physical and mental connection you have with one person or more than one person. 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Okonkwo PSY/265 January 20, 2013 Professor Pamela Reeves Introduction This paper will outline sexuality at different life stages, and as a sexual therapist I will coach an adolescent girl with a boyfriend who is pressuring her to have sex; an elderly couple with a wife exhibiting a renewed interest in sexual activity and a unwilling husband; and finally a handicapped male that has been paralyzed since he was four years old. Sexuality at DifferentRead MoreSexuality at Different Life Stages986 Words   |  4 PagesSexuality at Different Life Stages The therapist’s response to Anna Anna you have been having some issues lately regarding having a boyfriend and your mother is concerned that you are not ready for a relationship with an older boy. At this point you think that what you are feeling for your boyfriend is love, but true love is when your partner can understand what you are going through and help you to go through it rather than force you to make a decision now. Maybe you are feeling that if youRead MoreDescribe Your Professional Approach If A Colleague, Client, Or Peer864 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe your professional approach if a colleague, client, or peer were to express interest in alternative sexualities. BDSM Bondage and discipline, dominance, and submission, a form of Sadomasochism, encompass all inclusive term for forms of sexual expression that consist of inflicting and receiving physical pain, humiliation, and restraint. LeVay and Baldwin (2012), asserts that some couples like biting, slapping, and wrestling from time to time as a way of heightening their sexual excitement

Erectile Dysfunction And The Elderly Population - 1757 Words

Erectile Dysfunction, according to the American Sexual Health Association, is the inability to maintain an erection that is suitable for intercourse. It is a condition that can affect men of any age. Even though erectile dysfunction can affect men of all ages, it is most prevalent in the elderly population. Erectile dysfunction can be due to many issues such as psychological problems, heart disease, high blood pressure, Diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, trauma from surgery related to prostate cancer and even hormonal problems. Erectile dysfunction does not only involve men, it also involves their partner as well, and can cause the male to withdrawal from any sexual activity due to embarrassment . In regards to erectile dysfunction this paper†¦show more content†¦Such disorders are more common in the elderly, which may partially explain the elevated prevalence of ED in men over 60 years of age .The increasing prevalence of erectile dysfunction can be linked to the incre ase in medical conditions that are highly associated with the elderly population such as Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, prostate cancer, hypertension, diabetes, depression, and even a sedimentary life style. Etiology and Pathophysiology Erectile dysfunction can be a result of various underlying issues. There are four systems that are essential for a normal penile erection; they include psychological, Vascular, neurological and hormonal/endocrine system. Any abnormalities or combinations of abnormalities within those systems can result in erectile dysfunction. Diseases that compromise vascular flow to the corpora cavernosum such as peripheral vascular disease, arteriosclerosis, and or essential hypertension are associated with an increased incidence of erectile dysfunction. Diseases that impair nerve conduction to the brain or conditions that impair peripheral nerve conduction to the penile vasculature such as diabetes mellitus can result in erectile dysfunction. Also diseases that are associated with a decrease secretion of gonadotropin hormone can lead to a decrease in testosterone, which can cause a decrease in libido and erectile dysfunction can occur secondary to the hypogonadism. Smoking also plays a role in the

Hemodialysis In Esrd Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(120) " requires that cost analysis be conducted to mensurate the repeating direct and indirect cost of supplying the service\." Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is defined as the irreversible loss of kidney map and can be categorized as symptomless kidney harm with mild nephritic disfunction or end-stage nephritic disease ( ESRD ) . ESRD finally consequences in decease without nephritic replacing therapy, which can be either nephritic organ transplant or dialysis. Nephritic replacing therapy as a intervention protocol identifies that, at end-stage nephritic disease, the optimum intervention is kidney organ transplant, as dialysis can non retroflex the biosynthetic and metabolic activities of the normal kidney ( Haller, Gutjahr, Kramar, Harnoncourt, A ; Oberbauer, 2011 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Hemodialysis In Esrd Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now End-stage nephritic diseases and its precursor CKD are globally emerging as a important public wellness job, with increasing morbidity and mortality every bit good as economic deductions for health care, ( Szucsa, Sandoza, A ; Keuschb, 2004 ) . The World Health Organization 2002 estimation indicated that globally CKD contributes to over 850 000 deceases and over 15 million disability-adjusted life old ages, with epidemic rise of ESRD in multiple parts in the universe. The study notes that by 2010 more than 2 million people will necessitate care dialysis worldwide, ( WHO, 2003 ) . In St. Lucia, chronic nephritic inadequacy as a consequence of diabetes, high blood pressure, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and reaping hook cell disease are the chief grounds for get downing dialysis intervention in patients with kidney map failure. This is similar to the findings of PeroviA†¡ and JankoviA†¡ ( 2009 ) . Zelmer ( 2007 ) postulates that non merely is ESRD a chronic disease with important morbidity impact, but it besides involves high-cost intervention options. These options are frequently limited in developing states such as St. Lucia, where available options include haemodialysis or the aggressive direction of hazard factors to detain patterned advance of ESRD. Global estimations indicate that about 30 % of patients with ESRD are as a effect of diabetic nephropathy [ commendation ] . In St. Lucia, the figure is significantly higher, stand foring 41 % of the ESRD patients who have received haemodialysis for the period 2002-2009. At the terminal of that 8 twelvemonth period ( 2002-2009 ) mortality rate among that population was every bit high as 53 % with mean age at decease being 57 old ages. These statistical figures indicate that ESRD among diabetics is a serious wellness concern with inauspicious clinical results that straight impact quality of life while bring forthing significant medical costs. The economic force per unit areas of ESRD intervention on the corporate wellness system are good documented. Haller et Al. ( 2011 ) identifies it as resource intensifier, necessitating significant sums of finite health care financess to handle a little per centum of the population. In 2005 entirely, attention for ESRD patients in Canada represented 1.2 % of all healthcare outgo, despite an incidence of 0.092 % , ( Zelmer, 2007 ) . Less than 0.06 % of St. Lucians have ESRD, yet the disease generated direct health care cost is important compared to other diseases. In 2008, the direct health care cost of ESRD was $ 2.2 million EC, about 5 % of the health care outgo, the economic weight of which was borne chiefly by the authorities. These findings indicate that the economic sciences of ESRD therapies are a little but instead expensive section within the overall health care proviso in any state. Yet cost-effectiveness surveies of the modes of intervention are few ( Haller, 2011 ) . Cost-effectiveness is the fastest turning field in wellness research and it embodies a signifier of full economic rating that looks at cost and effect of wellness programmes or intervention ( Muennig, 2008 ) . Using the definition by Palmer ( 2005 ) that states â€Å" cost-effectiveness surveies compare costs with clinical results measured in natural units, like life anticipation or old ages of diseases avoided † , Glassock ( 2010 ) noted that the entirety of costs may non needfully be captured. However, it is a utile tool with pertinence for the enconomic anlaysis of issues within the wellness system. Cost-effectiveness analysis ( CEA ) of intercession programmes as a valuable tool employed by decision-makers can be used to measure every bit Wellss as perchance better how the wellness system operates. Its application allows policy shapers to place which intercessions provide the highest â€Å" value for money † and help in assisting to choose intercessions and programmes that maximize wellness for the available resources. Health economic experts are able to buy the most wellness under a fixed budget, prioritising services within the wellness sector. CEA hence requires information on the extent to which current and possible intercessions improve population wellness, i.e. , effectivity and the resources required to implement the intercessions, i.e. , costs, ( Muennig, 2008 ) . The inclusion of cost agencies that the design of the survey will integrate cost-unit analysis as a tool to analyze the economic impact of the proviso of the service of dialysis for terminal phase nephritic patients with diabetes and cost effectivity to find the quality adjusted life twelvemonth ( QALYs ) or wellness related quality of life ( HRQoL ) for that population. The chief result step will concentrate on costs per quality-adjusted life old ages ( QALYs ) , similar to a survey conducted in Austria ( Haller et al. , 2011 ) . QALYs were estimated utilizing the 15D, a generic standardised instrument to mensurate wellness related quality of life, ( Sintonen, 2001 ) . Cost will be viewed from the position of direct disbursement on wellness attention for dialysis, coupled with the indirect costs of productiveness losingss due to premature decease and short- and long-run disablement. The impact of mortality costs as the amount of the discounted present value of current and future productiveness losingss from premature deceases will be measured from an incident-based human capital attack, pulling from a similar survey conducted in Canada in 2000 ( Zelmer, 2007 ) . Muennig ( 2008 ) posits that because it is frequently hard to account for all cost, and the clip and resource restraints associated with micro-costing, certain premises as relates to costs are frequently made during cost-effectiveness analysis. This survey employs the usage of a authorities position to analyse the cost effectivity of dialysis for terminal phase nephritic patients with diabetes in St. Lucia. This requires that cost analysis be conducted to mensurate the repeating direct and indirect cost of supplying the service. You read "Hemodialysis In Esrd Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" In the part, specifically in the state under survey, wellness attention organisations seldom know the cost of the service provided and seldom employ the tools needed to measure that cost on a regular footing. In a globally runing economic society, economic tendencies have made it imperative for both net income and non-profit organisations that provide services, including authorities bureaus, to measure the cost of clinical services provided. Finance for wellness is non infinite and with significant budget cuts in the wellness service industry, there is increasing force per unit area for wellness atten tion installations to go more accountable and be more efficient with the financess allocated to wellness attention ( Basch, 1999 ) . Health economic sciences recognises the demand for wellness services to be provided in a mode that is non merely efficient but sustainable. Measuring, understanding and documenting the cost of services makes it easier to better cost-efficiency of these services, while foregrounding the support demands of the sector and by extension the authorities. It besides provides an chance to set up fees for clients that are based on realistic site costs. Previous surveies on cost-effectiveness of intervention options for ESRD have compared different modes of dialysis or organ transplant, [ commendation ] . The analysis of haemodialysis versus pharmaceutical direction to detain ESRD patterned advance flexible joints on the fact that the current capacity of the Renal Unit in St. Lucia can non supply dialysis for all ESRD patients. But it is rather clear that haemodialysis like pharmaceutical direction is non the optimum intervention option for ESRD as the optimum protocol is organ transplant. The wellness system in St. Lucia is mandated by its aims to better the wellness of the population and accordingly needs to guarantee that its limited resources are non devoted to expensive intercessions with little effects on population wellness, while at the same clip low cost intercessions with potentially greater benefits are non to the full implemented. While old research has been conducted to place the economic impact of the estimated health-care costs for ESRD, every bit good as the cost-effectiveness of assorted options for nephritic replacing therapies, similar surveies have non been replicated in the resource strapped Eastern Caribbean. This survey wishes to concentrate on the cost-effectiveness of haemodialysis among type 2 diabetics in St. Lucia over an 8 twelvemonth period ( 2002-2008 ) . Using the usage of CEA, it aims at comparing the cost and effects or results ( cost-effectiveness ) of haemodialysis for diabetic nephropathy utilizing the comparator of making nil, which in this instance is the pharmaceutical direction of patients with diabetic kidney diseases to detain patterned advance of ESRD. This is particularly relevant to the wellness system in St. Lucia, as concerns on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its rate of addition, and the determination to spread out the service to two new installations in the absenc e of research requires that a better apprehension of the range and magnitude of the entire economic load of ESRD and the cost effectivity of dialysis intervention for diabetics with ESRD. The findings will assist to inform those doing policy determinations, and may be utile in set uping a set of precedences for farther research, bar plans, and in the planning of alternate interventions to assist relieve that load. Methodology This survey uses a retrospective attack to data aggregation. The survey population was selected from the lone public Renal Unit which forms portion of the general infirmary, Victoria infirmary. While there is another Nephritic Unit of measurement in St. Lucia that offers dialysis, it is a portion of the private infirmary which did non wish to take part in this survey. The survey population comprised ESRD patients with diabetic kidney diseases. Patients were considered depending on whether they received haemodialysis or whose diabetes was being pharmaceutically managed to detain ESRD patterned advance. Of the 111 patients on dialysis, 45 were due to diabetic kidney disease and 21 were actively having organ transplant at the clip the survey was being conducted. The nephrologists identified 12 ESRD patients who were non having dialysis but were being managed pharmaceutically. All diabetics who are or have been on dialysis with end-stage nephritic disease for the period 2002-2009 and were having dialysis due to diabetic kidney diseases were included in the survey. Persons were excluded from this survey if they were on dialysis prior to being diagnosed with diabetes. The comparator group differs from the haemodialysis group merely in the signifier of intervention that they are having, dwelling of all patients with ESRD due to diabetic kidney diseases who are non having dialysis but whose diabetes is sharply managed with medicine to detain ESRD patterned advance. Chronic conditions such as ESRD require uninterrupted intervention and as a effect a cost-effectiveness of intervention options over a period of clip for a cohort of patients, employs the usage of the Markov theoretical account to look into long term costs and results. The Markov theoretical account developed for this survey describes the procedure of attention observing that patients were assigned or began their patterned advance through the theoretical account in either of two provinces, hospital haemodialysis or pharmaceutical direction of type 2 diabetes to detain ESRD patterned advance, and decease signifies the terminal of the rhythm. A systematic literature reappraisal was conducted of peer-reviewed economic ratings of dialysis intervention modes among diabetic patients. Ebscohost and PubMed were searched utilizing the keywords cost-effectiveness, dialysis, end-stage nephritic disease and diabetic kidney disease and was limited to articles published in the last 12 old ages ( 2000-2011 ) , some articles, if they fell out of the selected old ages of publication were accepted based on the strength of their findings. The inclusion standards identified articles that included the keywords in the capable headers every bit good as the usage of Renal Replacement Therapy/economics, Renal Dialysis/economics, Hemodialysis Units, or Kidney Failure. If they included the term peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis they were besides included. Exclusion standards of articles were identified as non-English articles and those that did non compare intervention options. More than 500 articles were identified but 31 were selected for ma nual reappraisal. Data on wellness attention costs, passage to other wellness provinces and quality of life were imputed into the Markov theoretical account. Data was obtained from the Renal Unit at the Victoria Hospital, the public wellness installation. Data on quality of life was obtained utilizing the 15D, a multidimensional, standardised generic instrument to mensurate quality or health-related quality of life ( Sintonen, 2001 ) . The 15D was used since it combines the advantages of a profile and individual index mark step that describes the wellness position by measuring 15 dimensions. The mean mark value for each dimension was used to find the wellness related quality of life in the survey population. The usage of the 15D used to mensurate quality of life result was reported in QALYs, a step of the load of disease that included the quality and measure of life lived against a pecuniary value, medical intervention or intercession. The mean mark value for each dimension measured by the 15D was used to find the wellness related quality of life of the survey population utilizing the graduated table provided by Sintonen ( 2001 ) . The findings were standardized against the load of disease markers identified by the WHO ( Ref ) . Other variables were considered in the survey and a standard questionnaire was administered to the survey population to obtain informations on the socio-economic position of individuals within the survey population. The socio-demographic questionnaire was tested against a pool of eight individuals from those who are on dialysis for grounds other than diabetic nephropathy and who were as similar to the survey population in footings of gender, instruction, socio-economic position and geographic location. Contented analysis was used to measure the information obtained from the socio-demographic questionnaire. All survey participants were provided with a missive refering namelessness and confidentiality and informed consent was obtained prior to engagement. Ethical blessing was obtained from the IRB at St. George ‘s University and the moralss commission of the Ministry of Health in St. Lucia. Costss Cost-effectiveness was examined from a governmental position utilizing the clinical records of the Division of Nephrology patient enrollment and charge systems at the Victoria Hospital coupled with information from published surveies on endurance and quality of life among diabetic nephropathy patients. The theoretical account used included the direct wellness service costs associated with the intervention options, and an one-year cost per patient was calculated for each wellness province in the theoretical account. Direct health care costs associated with dialysis usage included bing regular dialysis Sessionss, complications of the dialysis, such as curdling of the fistulous withers or hypotension episodes, research lab trials and services required as a effect of dialysis and medicine usage as a consequence of intervention. Premises were made on the regularity of direct health care cost associated with dialysis, such as regularity of research lab testing and blood transfusions. Micro -costing, roll uping informations on staffing, consumables, capital, and operating expenses were used to find the cost of one session of haemodialysis ( Table 1 ) . Structured interviews were used to obtain inside informations sing staff clip allocated to dialysis activities, every bit good as the regularity of other services used as a consequence of the intervention options. The survey identified capital points as the edifice infinite allotted to the Unit for intervention, and equipment such as the dialysis machines and air conditioner unit. Costss have been reported in Eastern Caribbean Dollars ( EC ) presented at the 2008 degree and an tantamount one-year cost calculated utilizing a 3 per centum price reduction rate over the predicted life span. Muennig ( 2008 ) argues that a governmental position can include some facets of transportantion costs. Evidence from the Minstry of Communication and Works and the conveyance board imply that there is no nationally agreed policy for conveyance costs. There are fluctuations across St. Lucia in footings of milage, hence for the intents of our analysis, conveyance costs are excluded. The survey reviewed costs over an 8 twelvemonth period ( 2002-2009 ) . This clip frame was partially determined by the handiness of the informations two old ages after the programme was initiated and the premises made with mention to the analysis were tabulated ( Table 2 ) . Incremental costs per QALY gained were calculated by utilizing the estimations of costs and QALYs for each of the two modes obtained from the theoretical account, and the findings were presented as incremental costs per QALY. A one-way sensitiveness analysis was used to look into variableness in the information, changing the price reduction rate from 3 % to 5 % the age weights and disablement weights. A concluding sensitiveness analysis of mortality rates was besides conducted since the premise was that the mortality rates for haemodialysis were the same as those of pharmaceutical direction of ESRD diabetics. Consequences [ Presentation of Results†¦ ] Discussion [ Discussion of Results and deductions†¦ ] Locke ( 1987 ) is a advocate of the position that all surveies have built-in restrictions and boundary line. Primary and secondary information was used in this survey. Jankowich ( 2005 ) warns of the restrictions of the usage of secondary informations, as the methodological analysis used in garnering secondary informations has come into inquiry. The survey was limited by the truth and quality of the informations, which Basch ( 1999 ) argues is a repeating job in developing states. The questionnaire as a tool for garnering information airss some disadvantages, as it does non supply an chance for inquiries to be clarified or to verify that replies are understood or that all inquiries are answered. In add-on it means that the individuals being surveyed must hold the pre-requisite literacy accomplishments. This restriction was minimized by pre-testing the socio-demographic questionnaire was tested against a pool of eight individuals from those who were on dialysis for grounds other than diabetic nephropathy and who were as similar to the survey population in footings of gender, instruction, socio-economic position and geographic location, ( Table 2 ) . Another restriction to the survey was the inability to prove the 15D questionnaire as it could non be altered to be more specific. Low response rate every bit good as non-response prejudice for the questionnaire may significantly skew the information as the survey population is so little. Jankowicz ( 2005 ) argues that coaction is maximized when respondents are in some sense rewarded for cooperation and that these wagess outweigh the cost in footings of money and attempt. To accomplish this, respondents were shown that their information was valued and the construction of the questionnaire would necessitate really small in footings of clip and attempt. The absence of other surveies that compared the intervention modes used in this survey serves as a restriction of this paper, but it remains the lone feasible comparator that was available to the research worker. There are restrictions and troubles in any effort to cipher the average cost of a dialysis session, particularly in public installations where cost is subsidized ( commendation? ) , as every aspect of attention and cost associated with the session must be taken into consideration. Consequently premises were made on cost for direct and indirect services related to intervention options compared in this survey, ( Muennig, 2008 ) . Premises are justified as this is a non-funded research with clip restraints and a demand to cut down cost drivers. The survey was besides limited in its position as it could non show on national costs from a social position such as the patient ‘s ability to work or the chance costs. The strength of the survey lies in the usage of triangulation to garner and analyze informations to determine their common decision, effectivity based on costs and QALYs. Decrop ( 1999 ) concurs that one of the chief ways to avoid the combative issue of cogency and dependability is the usage of triangulation. He defines triangulation as â€Å" looking at the same phenomenon, or research inquiry from more than one information beginning † ( p158 ) . Information coming from different angles can be utilised to confirm, lucubrate or clear up the research inquiry. Denzin ( 1978 ) besides claims that triangulation bounds personal and methodological prejudice every bit good as enhances the survey ‘s generalizability. The usage of the Markov theoretical account is an built-in strength of the survey. Gonzalez-Perez, Vale, Stearns, and Wordsworth ( 2005 ) argue that the theoretical account ‘s ability to predict comparative effectivity and cost overtime makes it appropriate for patterning chronic intervention options such as RRT. The usage of cost-effectiveness to find QALYs is advantage and the usage of a standardised instrument to mensurate QALY besides strengthens the survey. The 15D is recognised as by and large being a little measuring load to both respondents and research workers. As an rating tool it is extremely dependable due to its repeatability of measurings with minimized random mistake. The consequences generated are valid because of the grade of assurance that research workers can put on the illations that are drawn from the tonss. Sintonen ( 2001 ) posits that as an instrument to mensurate cost-effectiveness, it is peculiarly suited for ciphering quality-adjusted life old ages ( QALY ) . Choice prejudice is limited in this survey due to recruiting of the full mark population. This is the first survey of its sort in the part and it does non hold any concern associations, an built-in strength to this survey. It is able to function as a precursor to farther research and therefore is poised to assist steer policies on how cost-effectiveness surveies are done in the part and their application to decision-making in health care. The enlargement of haemodialysis to run into the turning ESRD population, and an increased incidence of diabetic kidney disease in St. Lucia has deductions for the findings of this survey. It is of import that focal point is directed at primary, secondary and third intercessions aimed at cut downing cost of diabetic attention and accordingly complications from diabetes, such as diabetic kidney disease. Primary intercessions are the most cost-efficient. Health publicities to cut down hazard of developing diabetes, which is a hazard factor for ESRD, needs to go portion of the authorization of the Ministry of wellness. A policy on Chronic Diseases developed within the primary health care program that presently exist, would assist steer that focal point. Mann et Al. ( 2010 ) argue cautiousness against population based testing for CKD, and recommend that testing, as a secondary intercession, should concentrate on at hazard populations. Their survey concluded that ‘targeted showing of people with diabetes is associated with an acceptable cost per QALY in publically funded health care systems ‘ . Such an attack can be adopted in the wellness system in St. Lucia. While the bulk of cost-effectiveness analysis of intervention modes for diabetic nephropathy focal points on the disease at its latent or progressed phase, Glassock ( 2010 ) noted that a survey by Gearde et Al. ( 2008 ) identified that early sensing of diabetic kidney disease and intensive pharmaceutical intercessions are non merely cost effectual but significantly reduces the hazard of ESRD among type 2 diabetics. These findings are replicated in a survey by Keane and Lyle ( 2003 ) and Szucs et Al. ( 2004 ) who found that Losartan reduced the incidence of ESRD among diabetics. They went on to reason that albuminuria which is the ‘single most powerful forecaster ‘ of in type 2 diabetes is a simple and cheap showing trial, and early sensing can take to the early disposal of drugs that have been proven to cut down ESRD incidence. Cost-effectiveness analysis is able to supply valuable penetration to prioritising within health care and so the findings of this survey is able to supply grounds to back up efficiency in the usage of limited resources. Policy-makers should utilize these findings to reexamine the determination to spread out the figure of haemodialysis centres in St. Lucia. Further research to place more cost-efficient intervention options would be the first measure to bettering efficiency of resource allotment. The domination of haemodialysis as a intervention mode for ESRD, despite the overplus of surveies that have identified it as the least cost-efficient of RRTs, ( Haller et al. , 2011 ; Just et al. , 2008, Kontodimopoulos A ; Niakas, 2008 ) , provides the wellness sector, with the grounds needed to revise intervention protocols and an chance to improved cost-effectiveness of ESRD intervention. This can be achieved by significantly cut downing the usage of haemodialysis and introducing as an option, peritoneal dialysis which have been cited as being the most effectual of dialysis options. Just et al. cautiousness that the economic sciences of dialysis in the underdeveloped universe, where labor may be cheaper than the importing of equipment and solutions, may take to the perceptual experience that peritoneal dialysis is more expensive than haemodialysis. They go on to observe that this is non conclusive as there is a famine in economic ratings in developing states to confirm that posit ion. A good developed CKD Care Program is able to significantly cut down the chance of developing ESRD among at hazard populations, every bit good as significantly lower health care costs among ESRD patients, ( Wei et al. , 2010 ) . There is a demand to spread out the services offered by the Renal Unit every bit good as its coverage to assist accomplish that terminal. Decision [ Conclusion based on findings ] How to cite Hemodialysis In Esrd Diabetics Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

The Great Scarf of Birds by John Updike Essay Example For Students

The Great Scarf of Birds by John Updike Essay All poets have a certain structure in order for their poem to be understood in an artistic and unique way. Through the use of organization, diction and figurative language, the poem is composed in a creative manner. In The Great Scarf of Birds, by John Updike, the speaker is understood through the use of all these methods. When the poet begins to speak of what he remembers, he uses vivid colors to describe his surroundings and also his stage in life. Ripe apples were caught like red fish in the nets (Line 3). This is symbolizing his stage in life that is ripe or closer to death. Like the fish in the nets he is aught on where his life should go. As the first stanza progresses, it leads the reader to the speakers eyesight which is focused on the abundant sky filled with birds. Yet the speaker begins to express of his awe and amazement that occurs when he sees the flock of birds in lines 14-24. He describes this flock as a cloud of dots like iron filings which a magnet underneath the paper undulates (Lines 16-18). This is a simile to death, something that is too strong for even the human spirit. This cloud is darkened in spots. This color imagery is another way to symbolize death in which the poet at this time fears. He describes the flock as a living being in lines line 20 when he describes this cloud as one that paled, pulsed, distended. This is like the movements of a heartbeat. He also depicts the flock of starlings as a rock, something constant, sturdy, and indestructible. In the next stanza, reality is set in to the speaker. He is distracted by his own world and does not see it as beautiful. It seems as if this scene is a work of art like pointillism. It is beautiful from afar but jaded looking up close. When he looks around, he considered himself like Lots wife, a person turned nto a pillar of salt when looking at something he shouldnt have. He then observes the birds the starlings covering the fairway. He states in lines 39-40, I had nothing in nature would be so broad but grass. Grass is green and the symbol of life beginning, growing, and renewing. The birds, a symbol of death, cover the grass, a symbol of life. In the sixth stanza, he observes one bird flying again into the sky and the rest of the flock following. He now describes the flock as a ladys scarf, something delicate and beautiful, unlike his first description of the birds as louds, something hovering and ominous. In the last stanza, the poet compares the lifting of the birds as an alleviation of his once burdensome heart. The grass is seen again when the birds leave. This is a symbol of the circle of life and it comforts him. In The Great Scarf of Birds by John Updike, the poet first is fearful of the stage in his life but is later comforted by envisioning the flocks flight, which becomes a symbol of lifes continuing cycle. This poem is further illustrated through its use of diction, organization, and use of figurative language.

Compare and contrast the methods used by Zeffirelli and Luhrmann in the opening scenes of their films Essay Example For Students

Compare and contrast the methods used by Zeffirelli and Luhrmann in the opening scenes of their films Essay Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares most interesting and well-known plays. It may even be the most well known play in the world! For this reason, many attempts have been made, by a variety of directors, to interpret and present the Shakespearian tale in their own way, tying to make it creative, original, and unique. The two directors who have succeeded most at doing this are Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann, the two films I will be concentrating on. For those who are not aware, Romeo and Juliet tells the tale of two star-crossed lovers, Juliet (13 years old) and Romeo (17 years old) who secretly fall in love and marry. Their families, the Montagues and Capulets, have been fierce enemies for generations. Why, I hear you ask? Well theres no real cause. In the end, their love for one another is doomed. Using this as their basis, the two directors take a very different approach in portraying the play. Franco Zeffirelli went for a more traditional style, whereas Baz Luhrmann attempted to thrill his audience with a comedic modern twist, still keeping the original dialogue. In my opinion, Baz Luhrmanns film is aimed at a younger audience, teenagers for instance, due to the slang, comedy, hip modern feel, and gun violence culture, which seems to be a growing part of our world today. Also, it is set in twentieth century Mexico City, trying to create a modern Miami sort of feel. However, Franco Zeffirellis version, set in the fifteenth century, is aimed at an older audience, adults and the elderly in particular in my opinion. One of the main differences between the two films, apart from the time set, is the opening scenes. The Zeffirelli version has quite a slow opening, and takes a while to get in to the action, in contrast to a fast and furious opening of Luhrmanns film. Obviously one big difference is the time periods of each movie. The older movie was set in Early Renaissance times, whereas the newer movie is set in the early ninetys, but its the opening scenes which display an almost no comparison. Special effects is a key feature in the latest film explosions and gunfights giving an action packed modern twist. In the older version there was no use of special effects, therefore, the movie totally relied on great acting to be convincing. In keeping with the sets and effects, the costumes too are very different. On one hand, Zeffirellis film displays historically accurate clothing, tunics, doublet and hose, and harlequin costumes. These were all typical clothing types in the early Renaissance period. On the other hand, Lurhmanns film uses shirts and jeans, Latino boots, designer suits, beach clothes, and other modern clothing items like jewellery (chains, earrings/studs), to give a very modern feel. Another major difference in the films that is seen often throughout the Lurhmann film is the actors smoking. Obviously in the time of this play, and in Shakespearian times smoking didnt exist. Something as simple as a lit cigarette in ones hand adds a cool and modern feel to the film. There is also a contrast between the choice of weapons and methods of transport. There is almost no comparison between these two factors. Zeffirelli used again historically accurate swords and daggers, bow and arrows, horseback, foot, and horse and carriage. However, the use of guns, explosive effects, sporty kitted cars, helicopters, and speedboats contrasts with this in the modern film. Its simple things like this which can straight away tell the viewer the time period the film is set. Example; space ships and flying cars, obviously in the future, modern cars, bikes, planes, somewhere within the last few decades, horseback, boat, carriage, back in the past. .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f , .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f .postImageUrl , .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f , .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f:hover , .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f:visited , .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f:active { border:0!important; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f:active , .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc611b6cd58492344a977891d8595668f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo And Juliet Critical EssayThe techniques of filming are also different. A good example of the different techniques is at the beginning of the two films, the street fights. In the Lurhmann version, at the petrol station there is a lot of use of long and short shots, use of close-up, aerial shots, and low angle shots, which the Zeffirelli version also uses, but also there are other techniques like speeded-up film, freeze-frames, wipes and quick zoom which Zeffirelli does not use. In the street fight in the town market, Zeffirelli uses a highly mobile camera in cinema verite style, and there is a lot of use of aerial shots, and close-ups. There was one thing I noticed in both the films, the use of when introducing Tybalt. Here the camera starts off low, looking at the feet and legs of the person, then slowing raising up the the face as they introduce the character. This is a good technique to use to introduce an important character as the audience will know it must be someone important from the filming technique. Use of sound also differs. In the prologue in Zeffirellis version there is calm orchestral music, relaxing and slow, and also the voiceover of Laurence Olivier in an old fashioned style. Aerial shots slowly panning across the hazy morning of Verona city are used here also. However,in the Luhrmann version, very intense modern opera music is used to build the heat and the voice over is done in a more serious way, in a less calm and old voice as Laurence Olivier. A lot of wipes, quick zooms, close ups, and speeded up film is used here also. Music and sound effects is used throughout both versions. In Lurhmanns, there is spaghetti western style music to go with the gunplay and also the operatic music coming back in after the petrol station goes up in flames (due to the gunfight at the beginning between the montagues and capulets). In the Zeffirelli version there is less music to act as background sound, instead, there is sound effects like a busy market place, the sounding of the bell, a nd screaming and shouting as the fight breaks out. The sound of the bugels when the prince enters instantly lets the viewers know he is an important person, this is a very good sound effect used. Sound effects in Lurhmanns version are very urban, like explosions gunshots, helicopter blades, whereas Zeffirelli has used more the peaceful and natural sounds. The images in the Luhrmann version are modern and media orientated. This is why he begins the prologue with the television set, on the news, to give the viewer the instant impression that the film is set in the modern world, with media being an important factor. Another example of modern imagery is the first time we see Father Laurence when he is conducting experiments with modern scientific equipment, which you wouldnt see in Zeffirellis version! Also he has a huge tattoo on his back, which again is modern as tattoos havent been around for that long. Other interesting modern images you can notice in the Luhrmann version include fireworks at the party, and smoking. A lot of the characters including Romeo are sometimes seen smoking a cigarette. On the other hand, the pictures presented to the audience in the Zeffirelli version are very old, swords instead of guns, horse instead of car etc. Zeffirellis Romeo and Juliet are played by two young unknowns, Leonard Whiting (sixteen years old) and Olivia Hussey (fifteen years old). This was in keeping with the time in which it was made, when there was a generation gap, and they would have been seen as innocent youth taking on the mean minded older people. The actors in the Luhrmann version, however, are well known Leonardo DiCaprio, and not so well known Claire Danes who were 21 and 17 years old when the film was being made. They are different to them in the Zeffirelli version because the acting is more exaggerated, less traditional, and more stylized. .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e , .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e .postImageUrl , .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e , .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e:hover , .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e:visited , .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e:active { border:0!important; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e:active , .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2d84cb1830799b3fa2462e04f035c66e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare present the role of women in the play "The Winter's Tale" EssayTo sum up, the two films of Romeo and Juliet were both created and directed brilliantly by the two directors, and its hard to believe a some points that the films are both set on the same story! Theres so much thats different about them! Appart from the obvious time set, one being Shakespearian times (Zefirellis) and one being the modern world (Lurhmanns), the language/dialect is different, the transport methods and weapons are different, and also the filming styles and sound effects are different! I think they are both great films and to get a true feeling of the story I would prefer to wa tch the older version, but I do however like Lurhmanns version more due to it being a more exciting, active and modern film.