A Tragic Hero Essays - Literature, Arts, Culture, The Crucible

A Tragic Hero Essays - Literature, Arts, Culture, The Crucible A Tragic Hero Legends are seen as imperative to a story inside American writing. These legends achieve both of all shapes and sizes accomplishments in their own accounts. They can help an entire city that is in harm's way, or simply assist themselves with getting over some inward clash. Whichever circumstance they satisfy, they're viewed as a legend and include an uncommon spot inside any sort of story. In writing we have a particular sort of legend that frequently shows up in stories, this would be an awful saint. A sad legend has defects and makes mistakes, much the same as a conventional individual, which makes it simpler for perusers to identify with the saint and pity them (Miller). The saint's story additionally shows how they should settle on a troublesome choice that could have impact on numerous individuals near them. A prime case of a lamentable saint would be John Proctor from The Crucible . Delegate satisfies a large number of the attributes of a disastrous saint, he has significant bl emishes and needs to settle on numerous critical choices all through the play. Because of his activities inside the play, while likewise managing the repercussions of his past mix-ups, he can without much of a stretch be viewed as a grievous legend. John Proctor, similar to some other human, committed errors from quite a while ago. He engages in extramarital relations with the family hireling, Abigail Williams. She is the niece of Reverend Parris, who lectures at the neighborhood church. Parris is hated by a greater part of the town of Salem because of his extraordinary lecturing about how everybody is going to hellfire. John Proctor aversions and doubts Parris a lot, which thus makes him not go to chapel and not have his most youthful youngster submersed. These realities are utilized against him later in the play in light of the fact that another man, Reverend Hale, wrongly passes judgment on him and makes him look terrible to the court. So when he attempts to spare his better half and present proof that make her look great, the court as of now sees him gravely. When Proctor is blamed for black magic he faces his greatest choice he needs to make, Overall, Proctor is a decent man that falls into terrible circumstances and commit s errors, similar to some other individual. It's the manner by which he handles those issues and what he experiences that makes him a lamentable legend. As indicated by Aristotle, a deplorable legend is a scholarly character who makes a judgment blunder that definitely prompts his/her own annihilation. In The Crucible, John Proctor's judgment blunder would be his undertaking with Abigail. He at long last understands the best way to get the path to stop However, what truly prompts his decimation is his imperfection, his inordinate pride otherwise called hubris. Toward the finish of the play, when he nearly admits, he will not let the court post his admission on the congregation entryway and destroys the admission. This shows how his pride disrupted everything and drove him to acknowledge his passing. Clearly he had different purposes behind not admitting including recapturing his integrity and poise, which likewise fabricate his character as a grievous legend. There are two things that Proctor holds near him, his better half and his great name. In endeavor to spare both of these things, he at first admits to the undertaking among him and Abigail. This is the significant choice he makes that he thinks will dishonor Abigail and her companions in the court: A man may think God rests, yet God sees everything, I know it now. I beseech you, sir, I ask yousee her what she is. . . . She thinks to hit the dance floor with me on my better half's grave! Furthermore, well she may, for I thought of her delicately. Lord have mercy on me, I craved, and there is a guarantee in such perspiration. In any case, it is a prostitute's retribution, and you should see it; I set myself completely in your grasp. (Mill operator 873) Since he settles on this noteworthy choice it adds to him being a lamentable legend because of Aristotle's portrayal of a disastrous saint. His activities were fair because of the way that he uncovered himself and his mix-ups for the prosperity of his better half and their marriage. Through the span of The Crucible John Proctor did numerous things to

Contexts of Nursing Marking Rubric_Assignment

Questions: Task 1 1. Utilizing current evidence,discuss correspondence inside human services. If you don't mind center around; - the job of the Registered Nurse - the effect of poor correspondence and patientsafety - the estimation of TeamSTEPPSand ISBAR in correspondence Task 2. Presently you have worked through the substance of this subject, give some proof that you have met a portion of these destinations. Draw on the assets you have in this point Write an ejournal passage that tends to the accompanying inquiries; What are a portion of the complexities in distinguishing a weakening patient? Distinguish, portray and reference an evaluation device that you could use in on your arrangement to recognize decay in a patient under your consideration. You should legitimize your decision. Situation 1 Complicated Gastroenteritis Veronica, a multi year old young lady, has given spewing and loose bowels. She is got dried out and is declining to drink since she feels wiped out. Her mom, Sharon, is with her and she expresses that she has been not able to hold any liquids down since yesterday at 1300hrs. It is currently 1000hrs. Veronica is likewise grumbling of an irritated stomach. She has had four scenes of loose bowels short-term, the last scene being at 0300hrs. Sharon depicts Veronicas gut activity as noxious, runny and earthy colored. The clinical staff explored Veronica, determined her to have confounded gastroenteritis. They have requested a preliminary of liquids in the crisis office. 10-20mls/kg of oral liquid every hour is the current request. Veronica is declining to drink. Sharon is getting extremely baffled with her little girl as she constantly says no. Perceptions on appearance HR 125 bpm, solid and customary RR 28 bpm Pale, diminished skin turgor Her hands are cool, her lips are dry, however not broke She is unobtrusively sitting on her mum's lap Weight 25 kg Clinical history: asthma and honey bee sting sensitivity Situation 2 - Adolescent Mitchellis a multi year old kid who has been brought into the Emergency Department at 2330 by means of rescue vehicle. He was discovered drowsy, outside one of the city dance club. He has upchuck on his garments and scents of liquor. Rescue vehicle officials express that he can be awakened yet just with excruciating incitement. His reaction to this incitement is verbal awful language. The rescue vehicle officials likewise express that he has been loudly harsh to them and impervious to their endeavors to support him. Mitchell has a cell phone with the rest of his personal effects and a wallet. His folks Ray and Tania, have been reached and show up in the unit not long after Mitchell. They are humiliated about his drinking, yet are obviously worried about their child. They are left to visit with their child while the staff recover his notes from clinical records. Mitchell reacts to his mom's touch with boisterous attack and yells at her wildly. She is plainly vexed and ventures back in tears. Beam intervenes and requests that his child stop this conduct. His reaction to his dad is more settled and he quits shouting. He turns over in the bed and shouts out to everybody to disregard him. Task 3 Utilize current proof to examine the administration of the troublesome circumstance plot in both of this weeks situation. If it's not too much trouble diagram the secret weapons that you may use to set up an arrangement to help the patient and their family. Situation 1 Complicated Gastroenteritis Veronica, a multi year old young lady, has given spewing and loose bowels. She is dried out and is declining to drink since she feels wiped out. Her mom, Sharon, is with her and she expresses that she has been not able to hold any liquids down since yesterday at 1300hrs. It is currently 1000hrs. Veronica is additionally griping of an irritated belly. She has had four scenes of looseness of the bowels short-term, the last scene being at 0300hrs. Sharon portrays Veronicas gut activity as noxious, runny and earthy colored. The clinical staff surveyed Veronica, determined her to have confounded gastroenteritis. They have requested a preliminary of liquids in the crisis division. 10-20mls/kg of oral liquid every hour is the current request. Veronica is declining to drink. Sharon is getting baffled with her little girl as she persistently says no. Perceptions on appearance HR 125 bpm, solid and ordinary RR 28 bpm Pale, diminished skin turgor Her hands are cool, her lips are dry, yet not broke She is discreetly sitting on her mum's lap Weight 25 kg Clinical history: asthma and honey bee sting hypersensitivity Situation 2 - Adolescent Mitchellis a multi year old kid who has been brought into the Emergency Department at 2330 by means of rescue vehicle. He was discovered drowsy, outside one of the city dance club. He has upchuck on his garments and scents of liquor. Emergency vehicle officials express that he can be awakened yet just with agonizing incitement. His reaction to this incitement is verbal terrible language. The emergency vehicle officials likewise express that he has been loudly oppressive to them and impervious to their endeavors to support him. Mitchell has a cell phone with the rest of his personal effects and a wallet. His folks Ray and Tania, have been reached and show up in the unit soon after Mitchell. They are humiliated about his drinking, however are unmistakably worried about their child. They are left to visit with their child while the staff recover his notes from clinical records. Mitchell reacts to his mom's touch with obnoxious attack and yells at her wildly. She is obviously vexed and ventures back in tears. Beam mediates and requests that his child stop this conduct. His reaction to his dad is more quiet and he quits hollering. He turns over in the bed and shouts out to everybody to disregard him. Task 4 In your eJournal, refer to and sum up a diary article which considers the job of the Australian Registered Nurse in the release arranging process. Quickly layout how this release arranging in the pediatric setting may augment wellbeing and limit costs. This should be possible as an explanation. You can discover all the more with respect to comments and clarified lists of sources on the web connect beneath. Answers: Task 1 Correspondence shapes an essential part in the medicinal services administrations, as it is the key player in choosing the destiny of wellbeing and social consideration result. In straightforward terms the methodology of trade the view, belief system, concern, articulation and enthusiastic properties are critical alongside the treatment system and meds. It is similarly essential to comprehend the necessity of patient, the worry of the medicinal services experts and supporting the assurance of the patient, which guarantees the adequacy and viability of the totally social insurance administration trade framework. The upside of powerful relational abilities lies with regards to confining association models, building up dependable relationship; diminish the difficulty of data dispersal and precise trade of data among both the social insurance suppliers and medicinal services customers. Quite the correspondence implies incorporate both verbal just as non-verbal correspondence. For a RN, i t is basic to consider (Brunetto, 2012, pp.7; Allen, 2013, pp.226): Audit the current case and any foundation data is available, to characterize the issue. The correspondence objective is to cause the patient to comprehend the worry of activity, for example, causing her to comprehend the structure and prerequisite, utilization of images to comprehend the difficulty of patient and utilization of persistence. Recognize the intended interest group and endeavor ought to be taken to cause patient to comprehend and distinguish the worry or need. Correspondence channel, for example, non-verbal correspondence, interpreter, relative or carer and images in correspondence ought to be utilized. Pretest the message and concern properly related to the patient Utilization of sympathy in non-verbal activities Assess each activity or technique of correspondence with the patient. It is evident to comprehend that a poor correspondence technique won't just brings poor patient yield, yet will likewise guarantee loss of patient fulfillment and progress for prosperity. Nonappearance of any correspondence procedure may prompts the patient in disgrace that is progressively discouraged, and coerce like condition. Moreover, the coordination among the different experts and work process is additionally prone to hamper. TeamSTEPPS and ISBAR is the proportion of procedure and result related for the patient prosperity and most extreme patient yield in any medicinal services settings. These incorporate assessment of procedure, clinical results and basic results as far as records, notes, handovers and correspondence with understanding just as social insurance experts. The portrayal of the TeamSTEPPS is finished with X-pivot speaking to the span of the method and Y-hub with the depiction of the issue. Thus, ISBAR is identified with distinguishing proof, Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation that are important to be considered inside the extent of treatment and mediation. Following of these conventions and techniques not just assistance in keeping up the coordination among the medicinal services experts, yet in addition guarantees greatest advantage to the patient condition and fulfillment (McCaskill, 2011, pp.S44). References; ALLEN, J., OTTMANN, G., BROWN, R., RASMUSSEN, B. (2013). Correspondence pathways in network matured consideration: an Australian investigation. Universal diary of more seasoned individuals nursing, 8(3), pp.226-235. BRUNETTO, Y., FARR-WHARTON, R., SHACKLOCK, K. (2012). Correspondence, preparing, prosperity, and responsibility across nurture ages. Nursing Outlook, 60(1), pp.7-15. McCASKILL, C. (2011). TeamSTEPPS: The presentation of initiative, situational checking, shared help and correspondence to improve persistent wellbeing in an Emergency Department. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 14, S44. Task 2 Distinguishing proof of clinical breaking down condition is significant as it helps in forestalling further weakening and mortality of the patient. Social insurance experts, for example, attendants and clinical staff have the duty to perceive and react to the sign and manifestations, before the condition o

Dear Boy free essay sample

Ruler Chesterfields appears to have a deigning and practically unexpected tone in a letter to his child. Beginning his letter, Lord Chesterfield composes, Dear Boy (pre-Ellen 1). This expression gives the vibe that he is attempting to remain better than his child by calling him animal Instead of child. He may feel as though he needs more control over his child, and this may improve his emotions about the matter.Later on In the letter he attempts to UT the weight of how kind his dad will treat him by composing, [Y]our merit should, and will, be the main proportion of my benevolence (lines 29-30). He Is attempting to tell his child that his great deeds will give him kind treatment from his dad. This Is both Ironic and stooping in light of the fact that he Is ending that his child doesn't regularly have great conduct, along these lines his dad won't need to treat him with graciousness. We will compose a custom paper test on Dear Boy or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Ruler Chesterfield additionally shows how subordinate his child Is on him by saying, l don't, wherefore, to such an extent as clue to you, how completely subordinate you have arrived (lines 25-26). This shows he has control over him since he would not have the option to do anything without his great dad. He additionally says that he doesn't need to specify the way that he is relying upon his dad, which is an affront since he is flaunting the way that his child would be nothing without him. This tone impacts the letter as entire by making it progressively cold and antagonistic.

Free Essays on Edison

Beside his stunning history as a grown-up, Thomas Alva Edison experienced a similarly energizing youth. Thomas Edison was conceived in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847. At that point, his dad was proprietor of an effective shingle and timber organization. Nonetheless, with new railways being worked through Milan, his dad lost clients to the greater organizations that started to open. The Edison’s had to move to Port Huron, where he initially started his instruction. At the point when he was just seven years of age his educator, the Reverend G.B. Engle, believed Thomas to be a dull understudy and was horrible in math. Following three months of school his instructor called him discombobulated, which means befuddled or stirred up. Thomas raged home. The following day, Nancy Edison took Thomas school year kickoff to converse with Reverend Engle. He disclosed to her that Thomas couldn’t learn. His mom turned out to be so furious with the exacting Reverend that she chose to s elf-teach him. Inevitably his mom, a previous educator herself, perceived his uncommon capacities to reason. She immediately got him inspired by History and Classic books. Thomas, be that as it may, was oddly pulled in to the subject of science. By the age of ten Thomas Edison had just been testing and at this point possessed a sizable amount of synthetics. Lamentably, his trials were frequently very costly and he discovered it his obligation to pay for them. Since he didn’t go to class, he had a lot of time to acquire cash without anyone else. At the point when he was just twelve, he started selling papers on the Grand Trunk Railway; he even printed the papers himself. He spent all that he earned on books and synthetic compounds. After around one year, his mom turned out to be so tired of the commotions of detonating measuring utencils, the scents of consuming, and smoke filling the house that he was no longer permitted to play out his analyses at home. Fortunately, he was offered consent to move to his lab into the train stuff vehicle. He would have the option to explore during the long five-hour delay in Detroit. ... Free Essays on Edison Free Essays on Edison Beside his stunning history as a grown-up, Thomas Alva Edison experienced a similarly energizing youth. Thomas Edison was conceived in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847. At that point, his dad was proprietor of a fruitful shingle and timber organization. In any case, with new railways being worked through Milan, his dad lost clients to the greater organizations that started to open. The Edison’s had to move to Port Huron, where he initially started his instruction. At the point when he was just seven years of age his educator, the Reverend G.B. Engle, believed Thomas to be a dull understudy and was awful in math. Following three months of school his educator called him bewildered, which means confounded or stirred up. Thomas raged home. The following day, Nancy Edison took Thomas class kickoff to converse with Reverend Engle. He disclosed to her that Thomas couldn’t learn. His mom turned out to be so irate with the severe Reverend that she chose to self-teach him. Inevit ably his mom, a previous instructor herself, perceived his surprising capacities to reason. She immediately got him intrigued by History and Classic books. Thomas, be that as it may, was abnormally pulled in to the subject of science. By the age of ten Thomas Edison had just been testing and at this point possessed a sizable amount of synthetic concoctions. Sadly, his analyses were frequently very costly and he discovered it his obligation to pay for them. Since he didn’t go to class, he had a lot of time to acquire cash without anyone else. At the point when he was just twelve, he started selling papers on the Grand Trunk Railway; he even printed the papers himself. He spent all that he earned on books and synthetic concoctions. After around one year, his mom turned out to be so tired of the commotions of detonating recepticles, the scents of consuming, and smoke filling the house that he was no longer permitted to play out his trials at home. Fortunately, he was offered authorization to move to his lab into the train stuff vehicle. He would have the option to test during the long five-hour delay in Detroit. ...

The Mayans †Popol Vuh Summary

The Mayans †A Basic Summary on Popol Vuh and Xibalba Information on the Popol Vuh The Popol Vuh is one of the main outstanding writings we have of old Mayan societies. It is, for absence of a superior word, their book of scriptures. In English its most immediate interpretation is â€Å"Book of the Mat† however it can convert into its increasingly important name, â€Å"Book of the Community†. It includes an assortment of stories and legends just as a background marked by the mayan ancestors.Its most well known story is the creation fantasy of the Hero Twins. This legend clarifies how two surrendered twins wandered into the Mayan black market called Xibalba and vanquished the â€Å"bad† Gods and the self-important Xibalbans individuals. They at that point climbed out of Xibalba to the sky where they turned into the sun and the moon. This book was a significant wellspring of social legacy to the Mayan individuals and the religions they practiced.It clarifies th e significance of Maya as a perfect spot and culture, just as presents significant figures, for example, the Maize God. After Bishop Diego de Landa’s destruction on Mayan writing, it is an amazingly significant wellspring of data. Data on Xibalba is to the Mayans what Hell is really going after. It means something along the lines of, â€Å"the spot of fear†. In any case, it has numerous significant differences.For case, rather than endless condemnation in one perpetual red hot pit (otherwise known as: Hell) there are seven chambers. Each chamber is an alternate test or bad dream that you need to confront. The Mayans accept an individual has five spirits, one of which wanders into Xibalba. Contingent upon how malicious you have been relies upon how profound into Xibalba your spirit goes. Once more, the more profound you go, the more awful it becomes. Xibalba has social essentialness since it builds up key divine beings, religions and practices, for example, the Mayan ba llgames.

A glimpse of SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A glimpse of SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Now that Second Year students are in their final semester at SIPA, we asked a couple of them:   What has been your favorite experience at SIPA? Emily Siu, Dual Degree with Social Work: Probably the North Korea trip. It was so unexpected to have this opportunity. I was surrounded by a cohort that was really interesting. I felt like I learned not only from the tour guides but also my classmates. One night we did karaoke with our host guides. The trip was the week after finals so we all really needed to relax. Professor Lindenmayer was even dancing! It was really eye opening to hear perspectives on international affairs from our guides. What we hear in the US about North Korea is very one-sided. This trip really humanized the country for me. Nancy Leeds, Social Policy and Management: My favorite part of the SIPA experience has been participating in the Gender Policy co-curricular program. It’s great to be able to take classes and receive guidance from other women practitioners and guest lecturers who have been there and done that in almost every field of interest. I also love reading studies and learning statistics that validate and inform my own experiences as a professional woman. I would particularly recommend Women and Power with Carolyn Buck-Luce, which focuses on practical applications for women in the workforce, and Gender Mainstreaming with Kristy Kelly which teaches how to apply feminist theory and a gender perspective across almost any policy or administrative field. Carlyn Cowen, EPD and Management: The International Conflict Resolution Practicum. It’s a combined class and summer internship experience. You take the class on international conflict resolution in the spring, and then you and a team of students get placed with a summer internship. I worked with the UN in Zambia. We designed and conducted a research study for the UN to assess how their natural resource management initiatives were affecting rural communities. In the process, we learned research design and implementation skills as well as had a chance to experience working in the UN system. I also got to sit on the edge of Victoria Falls and white water raft down the Zambezi! Alejandra Kubitschek Bujones, EPD and Management: I went on student led and organized trips to both Japan (last year) and India, which I just returned from.   Both were amazing and definitely highlights of my SIPA experience. In India we met President Sonia Gandhi. We visited a rural village and saw development projects in person bringing electricity to rural villages using cow dow and innovative measures being developed. From there we went to Mumbai which is thriving city. India is definitely a country on the move!   Both trips were amazing because we got to learn about the political, social, economic and cultural side of these two amazing countries and they were organized through the generosity of our classmates who are well connected in these countries so it was truly a once in a lifetime opportunity. Neha Shah, IFEP and Management : My favorite part was the interaction with the other students whether it was through classes, student groups, events, or parties. I feel like the student body has such a wide range of experiences that it was extremely beneficial and eye opening to get to know my peers.I came into sipa with little knowledge of what actually went on day to day (the work life) in a lot of organizations I thought I would be interested i.e. the UN, World Bank, Fed etc. So it was great getting to know the details of the wide array of backgrounds first hand from my peers.

How to Write a Critique (2020 Guide)

How to Write a Critique (2019 Guide) This article will dispel many of the fears you may have about writing a critique: a type of academic paper that asks you to analyze a work of art, literature, music, science, or journalism in detail. Because a critique essay can be considered a relatively advanced exercise, by now you should have mastered many of the fundamental writing techniques. For example, you understand the need for the five-paragraph essay format and structure. You know what a thesis statement is and how to use one to your advantage to create impressive academic papers. A critique builds on what you already know about good scholarly writing. This article will help you improve your English composition skills in ways that will benefit you for the rest of your life. You will learn how to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the object of your critique and communicate your thoughts to readers in a creative but logical way. What is a Critique? A critique involves thoroughly analyzing with the goal of pointing out its strengths and weaknesses or identifying its overall effectiveness. You may be asked to write a critique in almost any class you are taking. In fact, critiques are one of the few essays you may be required to write in science classes in which you otherwise focus mainly on quantitative data analysis. The reason why critiques are important in all academic subjects and in all professional areas is that you need to be able to master the skill of analyzing work from your peers. Think of it this way: it is one thing to say â€Å"I don’t like that article,† and quite another to be able to explain why. You will soon learn that it is a sign of maturity and professionalism to thoughtfully tell your colleagues (or classmates) exactly why you do or do not agree or why you do or do not find the work effective. A critique is therefore an essential step on your road to professional and personal development. Mastering the critique will help you become a better communicator. Types of Critiques A critique can be about anything. Consider the following examples: Critiquing a work of art such as Van Gogh’s Starry Night or a song like â€Å"Bohemian Rhapsody† Critiquing a theory or idea like Freud’s theory of psychosexual development or string theory. Critiquing a research article published in a peer-reviewed journal Critiquing an essay written by one of your peers Critiquing a website for design and credibility Critiquing a book (also known as a book review) A critique of a journal article, especially on that was published in a peer-reviewed journal, is a common exercise in fields like psychology and other social sciences. It is important to critique journal articles as part of the peer review process. In fact, the concept of â€Å"peer review† means that other people in the same area of expertise as the authors look closely at the article and determine whether the research was ethical, whether the results were reported fairly, or whether there were flaws in the methodology that render the results useless to the scientific community. You might not be at the level yet where you are being asked to actually review research articles for an academic journal, but perhaps one day you will be and this is why you need to practice writing critiques of your own. To write a critique of a journal article, you would of course first need to read the article and familiarize yourself with any terms or concepts you do not yet know. Armed with knowledge, you can then commence your critique by focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of the researcher’s premises, methods, and conclusions. Basic Tips for Writing a Critique 1. Always find both positive and negative things to say. Sometimes called â€Å"hedging,† using both positive and negative descriptors will make your critique stronger. There is no such thing as perfect. Everything you are asked to critique—even famous works or art and literature—have some flaws that are helpful to point out in a critique. Likewise, you can always find something positive to say. If there is nothing you can say positive or negative about the object of the critique then at least be ready to defend your position and explain why you believe the item is either flawless or impossibly flawed. 2. Take into account the author/creator’s purpose and the historical context. Sometimes the author makes your job easier by stating outright the purpose of the study, which is common in peer-reviewed journal articles. Some journalistic pieces also have a clear purpose stated outright, but in many cases you will need to research more about the author or the context to understand it better. When writing a critique, make sure that you take into account factors like the author’s biography or the situations that caused the author or artist to create the work. If you are critiquing a journal article, make sure you learn about the researcher’s background and read their stated purpose for carrying out the research. You need to know why the piece was created in order to provide constructive criticism. 3. Analyze your emotional reactions. Often, your first response to something will be emotional. You may react strongly but not have the ability to logically explain why you feel the way you do. This is especially true when you have been asked to critique a form of media like art or music. Do not fret. The purpose of the critique is to get to the bottom of your emotions so you can explain why you feel the way you do. Therefore, do not censor your emotions. Welcome your visceral responses to whatever you are asked to critique, and write down what you are feeling. Later, you can do the hard work of analyzing the sources of your emotions and communicate them in a coherent essay. 4. Do outside research. Sometimes when writing a critique it helps to read what others have also said about that work. Even if you already have strong opinions about the object, read how others have analyzed it first to see if there is something you overlooked. Doing research ahead of time can be especially helpful when you are writing a critique but are confused and do not know where to begin, or if you do not fully understand the article or piece you are describing. 5. Know what to look for. This is one of the most important steps in writing a critique. If you do not know what to look for, it is almost impossible to write a good critique. Ask your instructor or writing tutor if you need help. Find out whether you are supposed to be critiquing an article for its research methods, or whether you are critiquing a work of literature in order to discuss the author’s views on gender. Your writing will be stronger if you know what to look for even before you encounter the object of the critique. How to Write a Critique in 4 Easy Steps This article will show you how to best go about planning and writing the best possible critiques. Whether you are writing a critique about a work or art or a journal article, the process is basically the same. 1. Read, Research, Reflect. The first step to writing a critique is reading the original article. In the case of art or music critiques, of course you will instead use your visual or audio senses instead. Regardless of the form of media, you first need to soak it all in and understand what it is you are critiquing. Then, you need to research the context of the item or article. Understand why it is written and what the author’s purpose was. You may need to research what other scholars have said about this piece, the work of art, or the theory. Research will also help clarify any aspects of the piece you do not understand. For example, if you are critiquing Picasso’s painting â€Å"Guernica,† it helps to learn that it was painted as the artist’s response to the Spanish Civil War. Also remember the importance of reflecting on the main reasons why you are writing the critique. Have you been asked to look for flaws in the research methodology? Or have you been asked instead to critique the author’s use of language? Reflect also on your own feelings and impressions before you begin actually writing. The more work you do at this early stage, the easier it will be to write your critique. 2. Outline The main question you need to ask when writing a critique is: Is the article/work successful? Did the author/artist achieve the goal of the piece? Usually the answer will be both yes and no: the author was successful in some ways but not in other ways. Remember, a good critique is one that displays both the strengths and the weaknesses of the article. An outline can help you organize your thoughts. If your critique is supposed to be very short—only a page or two—then you can outline your ideas in your head. A longer critique will usually flow better if you jot down your ideas. Outline the main strengths and weaknesses of the article. This is why it helps to know what to look for: you want to know what would constitute a successful execution and why the author/artist did or did not live up to that expectation. Write about anything that is relevant. For example, when critiquing a research article, you will discuss whether the researchers used valid methods. How did the researchers select their sample population? Did they use random assignment? If you are critiquing a short story, you may write about whether the author developed a character successfully or whether the reader was left feeling empty after the story was finished. When you are done writing down the main strengths and weaknesses of the piece, then you should consider a more formal outline that will help you to organize your thoughts and write a good critique. 3. Develop Your Thesis and Main Ideas Although developing your thesis can be considered an extension of the outlining process, it is listed as a separate step because of how important it is for you to remain focused on a main idea when you write a critique. A critique is a complex exercise, and you do not need to pigeonhole your ideas into a one-sentence thesis statement. However, you should be able to concisely state why something was effective and why it was not effective. Pretend you are in an elevator with your instructor and you only have thirty seconds to talk about the article or work of art. In the thirty seconds, you will have come up with your thesis statement. For example, you might say â€Å"The researchers’ methods were reliable and valid, but the conclusions drawn from the results did not logically follow.† Or, you might say, â€Å"The author used pathos effectively in his argument, but the essay completely lacked substantiation.† After you know pretty much what your thesis statement will be to guide your critique, you should come up with a few main ideas to discuss. There are no rules to how many main ideas you need, but three is a good number because it keeps you within the format and structure of the five-paragraph essay. With three main points, you can write an introduction, three body paragraphs or body sections, and a conclusion. You have just enough to talk about in your critique without losing focus on the main idea. 4. Write! As with any other academic writing exercise, you will begin with a rough draft. Refusing to censor yourself at this stage allows you to get the juices flowing, writing without being impeded by thoughts of whether your grammar and spelling are perfect or whether you remained on topic. For now, just write according to the outline and main ideas you have developed. As you write, it is essential that you refer continually to the source: the object of the critique. You need to back up everything that you say, and the only way to do so is to quote or directly refer to elements of the original material. For critiques of any written material like books or articles in a journal or newspaper, quotes or paraphrases will do. When you critique a song, you could refer to the time stamp in the recording or to a movement in a classical piece. When critiquing a work of art, use descriptors your reader can follow such as â€Å"foreground† or the â€Å"base of the statue.† After your first draft is done, it is time to polish the work. If you are not comfortable editing your own work, you can give it to a friend or a writing tutor for review. Sometimes it helps to have a second pair of eyes to point out mistakes such as poor flow in your writing or grammatical errors. What is the Correct Format for a Critique? There is no one correct format. The only correct format for a critique is the one your instructor provided to you, so be sure to follow the instructions you were given. Having said that, most critique assignments will involve some fundamental features that govern almost all good academic writing. The format for a critique does not deviate much from any other five-paragraph essay style format. You will have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. A critique will have certain elements that differentiate it from other types of academic writing as follows: I. Introduction Use the first sentence of the introduction to introduce the object of the critique. You do not need a â€Å"hook† or elaborate opening statement. In some cases, you may want to cite some interesting fact or statistic but usually with a critique it helps to immediately name the object of the critique in a clear and no-nonsense introductory statement such as: In Berger Jean’s (2018) research, the authors use mixed methods to explore attitudes towards social media among seniors. Simple and to the point is best, because the critique should ultimately be about the article or work of art and not about anything else unless it directly substantiates your impressions. Also in the introduction, you will want to talk about the main points in your critique. You can mention, for example, that you are critiquing the article according to research reliability, validity, and ethics. Or, that you are critiquing a work of architecture according to form, function, and environmental footprint. Traditionally, you end the introduction with your thesis statement. II. Body The body of the critique is where you go into detail about the positive and negative points of the article or work of art. Remember to â€Å"hedge,† talking about where the work is successful as well as where it is not successful. Always remember to say why. Never say, â€Å"The author uses simplistic diction,† without given at least one example in the form of a quotation. The key to a good critique is stating your opinion and offering evidence to support your claim. Do this for all the main points of your critique. You do not need to offer every single example of when the author did a good job, or when the artist failed to execute. However, give the best or most obvious examples that support your opinion. III. Conclusion Of course, you know that you do need to end your critique with a conclusion. Wrap up your critique by going over what you have said without any new details, reminding the reader of the main strengths and weaknesses of the piece. Perhaps mention what the author could have done better, or mention how effective the author was in achieving the stated goals of the article. The difference between the conclusion in a critique and in other types of academic papers is that you can here offer some suggestions for how the author (or future researchers) might improve upon the work. Example of a Critique Michael Pollan’s book The Omnivore’s Dilemma presents cogent questions about the ethics and sustainability of contemporary factory farming practices. The book has gained notoriety in both mainstream and academic circles, which has surprisingly not detracted from its overall effectiveness in stimulating dialogue and bringing about a change in attitudes and consumer behavior. Pollan’s credibility and journalistic style make up for the fact that The Omnivore’s Dilemma cannot be considered a scholarly work. One of the main strengths of Pollan’s book is that it tackles difficult subjects like the ethics of eating meat without becoming preachy or pedantic. In fact, the author allows his experiences visiting factory farms to speak for themselves as he offers readers rich descriptions of the abattoir. When the author states, â€Å"the most morally troubling thing about killing chickens is that after a while it is no longer morally troubling,† Pollan cuts to the chase of why many people can easily turn a blind eye to the suffering of animals (p. 233). Pollan does not need to say that killing animals is bad. In fact, Pollan shows how the ethical dilemma referred to in the title of the book cannot be easily resolved. In addition to the author’s ability to handle moral ambiguity gracefully, Pollan’s book has journalistic credibility. The back of the book contains the endnotes that correspond to each chapter. Pollan has a respectable pedigree as a journalist and author. According to his website, Pollan has contributed to esteemed publications like The New York Times Magazine since 1987 and is also a professor at Harvard University. Therefore, Pollan does have a high degree of credibility. The experiences described in The Omnivore’s Dilemma are not only filtered through the author’s own worldview but also presented in the broader context of philosophy and ethics, as well as anthropology, psychology, and sociology. What makes The Omnivore’s Dilemma ultimately effective is that the author blends classical journalism with populism. The author does not talk down to readers and uses strong language, without veering too much into the territory of scholarly jargon. Placing the sources as endnotes instead of as footnotes reduces clutter on the page and makes the book more approachable to mainstream or general audiences. Yet because of how well Pollan does research his claims and provides the means by which readers can investigate the primary sources, The Omnivore’s Dilemma can be considered a credible source of information. The Omnivore’s Dilemma can be considered one of the most important books on the subject of food sustainability and the ethics of contemporary, post-industrial food production. Because the author writes for a general audience with scholarly or journalistic integrity, the book reaches a broad audience and has the potential to induce social change. The author also discusses factory farming sensitively but without demanding that readers convert to veganism. While a follow-up book might be warranted to see if Pollan’s work really has made a difference in America’s eating habits or in animal rights laws, The Omnivore’s Dilemma remains a classic. Conclusion The example of a critique offered in this guide should give you the basic elements of what you need to construct a similar essay when you are asked to write one. You could be asked to write a critique about almost anything. Now you are a little more prepared to write your critique confidently and competently. Whether your critique is about music and art or about a peer-reviewed journal article in the hard sciences, the basic elements remain the same. Your job is to point out strengths and weaknesses to determine if the object was effective or if it achieved its goal. When you write a critique, you are offered the chance to prove that you can defend your opinions with facts, thereby making you a more effective and professional communicator. References â€Å"About Michael Pollan.† https://michaelpollan.com/about/ Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma. New York: Bloomsbury.